Nanotechnology

The dimensions of devices in integrated circuits are further shrinking and have now reached the nanometer level. Physical activities taking place within this realm, collectively known as nanotechnology, have exhibited overwhelming implications. This, however, entails a clear understanding of quantum mechanical factors. One direct result of nanotechnology is the use of the tunneling phenomenon as a basis of developing the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which allows observation of objects at the molecular and atomic levels. STM in turn makes possible the exertion of some amount of control over some materials by manipulating their atoms. Manipulation of atoms, however, calls for nanometric motors to make it possible, so nanotechnologists have begun researching on this area. Other implications include exploiting the self-assembly phenomenon in crystals to fabricate very tiny electronic equipment. Corresponding implications in optoelectronics and molecular manufacturing are described.