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Publication
Journal of Crystal Growth
Paper
Gadolinium gallium garnet liquid phase epitaxy and the physical chemistry of garnet molten solutions
Abstract
Gadolinium gallium garnet, GGG, growth and dissolution are studied by a liquid phase epitaxy, LPE, technique using a molten solution of x Gd2O3, y Ga2O3, p PbO and b moles B2O3, where p = 83.53 to 96.6 and b = 7.5 to 0. Ratios of x : y range from 3 : 5 (the stoichiometric value) to 3 : 75, while x is varied from 0.309 to 1.875. This GGG system yields garnet over a broad range, including stoichiometric Gd3Ga5O12 and provides an ideal experimental system for testing garnet growth-dissolution and solubility models. Measuring both growth rates, f{hook}+, and dissolution rates, f{hook}-, allows the accurate determination of liquidus temperatures where f{hook}+ = f{hook}- = 0. Garnet liquidus data fit an Arrhenius-type temperature-dependent solubility product if these ionic solutions are considered to have only a quarter of their Pb active and to contain gadolinium borate chemical complexes. In other words, high thermodynamic activities exist for Gd and especially for Ga. A simple ionic solution model does not adequately describe these solutions. © 1982.