Losses caused by roughness of metallization in printed-circuit boards

Abstract

In this paper the effect of metal roughness on the total loss, the extracted tanδ, and signal integrity of typical interconnections found in printed-circuit boards is extracted from measurements on three different materials. The differing characteristics of the roughened metal cross sections are highlighted, and a simplified, practical, two-dimensional, causal, broadband modeling methodology is shown. © 2005 IEEE.