Quantum Computing – Toward Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is advancing rapidly, offering the potential to transform computational paradigms and tackle problems that are intractable for classical systems. Realizing practical quantum systems demands the development of an entirely new computing stack—from qubits and quantum processors to components, wiring and control electronics, transpilers, error handling, software, algorithms, and the compute architecture to integrate quantum and classical resources at scale. This plenary will provide an overview of the current state of quantum computing and outline the milestones on the path toward building a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029. The significant improvements in hardware, software, and system integration, pushing the performance of quantum computing to reach quantum utility and advance toward quantum advantage, will be presented. Breakthroughs in error correction and a modular approach indicated in the IBM Quantum Roadmap outline a clear path to quantum systems using 200 logical qubits and 100 million quantum operations by 2029 and 2,000 logical qubits a few years later. Furthermore, advances in quantum algorithms, combined with the integration of quantum systems and high-performance computing (HPC), will unlock powerful synergies—accelerating the timeline for applications previously considered to be far in the future.