Joyce H. Wu, Jörg Scholvin, et al.
IEEE MWCL
In order to measure signals on internal nodes of circuits operated at liquid-nitrogen temperature, an electron-beam (e-beam) tester has been modified to cool circuits to this temperature during test. This apparatus has made it possible to measure signals on internal nodes of a high-speed DRAM operated at low temperature. The waveforms, which could not be measured by other methods, provide the only means of determining the internal operation of the circuit. The instrument is described, and measurements of some critical DRAM signals are presented. © 1991 IEEE
Joyce H. Wu, Jörg Scholvin, et al.
IEEE MWCL
Jianshi Tang, Qing Cao, et al.
Nature Electronics
Bruce Fleischer, Christos Vezyrtzis, et al.
ICCD 2016
John U. Knickerbocker, Paul S. Andry, et al.
IBM J. Res. Dev