R.M. Tromp, A.W. Denier Van Der Gon, et al.
Physical Review Letters
We show that in epitaxial growth, there is a critical island size Rc at which a second layer nucleates on top of the island. This provides a simple perspective on the conditions for smooth versus rough growth: For island spacing Ln, if Rc<Ln the islands will nucleate a second layer before coalescence, giving multilayer growth. This occurs when there is a sufficiently large diffusion barrier (the "Schwoebel barrier") at the island edge. We demonstrate that surfactants can enforce layer-by-layer growth by reducing the island spacing. The dependence upon temperature is also explained. © 1994 The American Physical Society.
R.M. Tromp, A.W. Denier Van Der Gon, et al.
Physical Review Letters
J.B. Hannon, J. Tersoff, et al.
Science
R.M. Tromp, W. Wan, et al.
Ultramicroscopy
J. Tersoff, P.C. Kelires
Symposium on Process Physics and Modeling in Semiconductor Technology 1990