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Patents are the legal manifestations of creation. In the US, patents are issued by the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). In granting a patent, PTO sees to it that the idea being presented meets three criteria. It has to be new or novel, supposed to be useful, and nonobvious. The body of the patent must adequately describe how to implement the idea. The description must be at a level such that anyone could reduce the invention to practice.
Philip G. Emma, Eren Kursun
IBM J. Res. Dev
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MICRO 2002
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IEEE TC