The stopping of energetic ions in solids

A method is presented for the calculation of the stopping of energetic ions in matter (energies above 200 keV/amu). The energy loss to target electrons is evaluated using the local density approximation and Lindhard's theory of a particle stopping in a free electron gas. Detailed solid state charge distributions are used to describe the electrons in a solid, and comments are included on the theoretical validity of Bragg's Rule. New calculations are presented for target mean ionization potentials, 〈I〉, and by comparison with experiment an empirical evaluation is presented for the traditional 〈I〉 correction parameter, λ. © 1980.