Abstract
In a very short time the scanning tunnelling microscope has become an important tool in surface science, and physics in general1-3. Its primary use has been to obtain atomic-resolution images of surfaces, but recently, efforts have been made to use it to manipulate materials as well as image them4-10. One may now reasonably ask if it is possible to move and alter matter predictably on an atomic scale. Here we report the accomplishment of the smallest yet, purposeful, spatially localized changes in matter, effected on a graphite surface. We believe that the changes result from the pinning of individual organic molecules to the graphite. The reverse manipulation, the removal of pinned molecules, has also been demonstrated. Finally, we have evidence that we can remove a portion of a pinned molecule, effectively performing transformations on single molecules using the tunnelling microscope. © 1988 Nature Publishing Group.