Is the Kolmogorov refined similarity relation dynamic or kinematic?

High-resolution Navier-Stokes simulations are used to test the Kolmogorov refined similarity hypothesis (RSH). It is found that the statistical dependence between velocity increments and dissipation rate invoked by RSH is mostly due to kinematics at moderate Reynolds numbers. However, a dynamically induced contribution can be demonstrated. The longitudinal velocity increment is correlated more strongly with the purely longitudinal component of dissipation rate than with other components. An alternative formulation of the RSH is offered. © 1995 The American Physical Society.