Hardware compressed main memory: Operating system support and performance evaluation

Abstract

A new memory subsystem, called Memory Xpansion Technology (MXT), has been built for compressing main memory contents. MXT effectively doubles the physically available memory transparently to the CPUs, input/output devices, device drivers, and application software. An average compression ratio of two or greater has been observed for many applications. Since compressibility of memory contents varies dynamically, the size of the memory managed by the operating system is not fixed. In this paper, we describe operating system techniques that can deal with such dynamically changing memory sizes. We also demonstrate the performance impact of memory compression using the SPEC CPU2000 and SPECweb99 benchmarks. Results show that the hardware compression of memory has a negligible performance penalty compared to a standard memory for many applications. For memory starved applications and benchmarks such as SPECweb99, memory compression improves the performance significantly. Results also show that the memory contents of many applications can be compressed, usually by a factor of two to one.