About cookies on this site Our websites require some cookies to function properly (required). In addition, other cookies may be used with your consent to analyze site usage, improve the user experience and for advertising. For more information, please review your options. By visiting our website, you agree to our processing of information as described in IBM’sprivacy statement. To provide a smooth navigation, your cookie preferences will be shared across the IBM web domains listed here.
Publication
Physical Review B
Paper
Bulk and surface valence states in rare-earth metal monosulfides
Abstract
We have studied the 4f-photoelectron spectra of SmS, EuS, DyS, TmS, and YbS using high-resolution (E150 meV) photoemission with synchrotron radiation. By means of a systematic treatment of the 4f-ionization energies, the bulk and surface valence states of these and several other rare-earth metal sulfides are determined by interpolation. In particular, we find in TmS that the trivalent state is stable by only 0.2 eV, and we show that, owing to this low stability, the surface in TmS is divalent. © 1982 The American Physical Society.