Buffer overflow management in QoS switches

Abstract

We consider two types of buffering policies that are used in network switches supporting QoS (Quality of Service). In the FIFO type, packets must be released in the order they arrive; the difficulty in this case is the limited buffer space. In the bounded-delay type, each packet has a maximum delay time by which it must be released, or otherwise it is lost. We study the cases where the incoming streams overload the buffers, resulting in packet loss. In our model, each packet has an intrinsic value; the goal is to maximize the total value of packets transmitted Our main contribution is a thorough investigation of the natural greedy algorithms in various models. For the FIFO model we prove tight bounds on the competitive ratio of the greedy algorithm that discards the packets with the lowest value. We also prove that the greedy algorithm that drops the earliest packets among all low-value packets is the best greedy algorithm. This algorithm can be as much as 1.5 times better than the standard tail-drop pol icy, that drops the latest packets. In the bounded delay model we show that the competitive ratio of any online algorithm for a uniform bounded delay buffer is bounded away from 1, independent of the delay size. We analyze the greedy algorithm in the general case and in three special cases: delay bound 2; link bandwidth 1; and only two possible packet values. Finally, we consider the off-line scenario. We give efficient optimal algorithms and study the relation between the bounded-delay and FIFO models in this case.