Abstract
In this paper, I take you on a guided tour through the world of smart card standards. We briefly touch ISO 7816, the defining standards for smart cards; then we take a longer look at current de-facto standards for smart card operating systems (SCOSs) such as JavaCard, MULTOS, BasicCard, and Windows for Smart Cards. The paper concludes with a discussion of PC/SC, MUSCLE, and the OpenCard Framework which are smart card middlewares for smart card-application communication. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.