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Nature Communications
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Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

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Abstract

Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the two major types of layered materials under intensive investigation. However, the zero-bandgap nature of graphene and the relatively low mobility in TMDCs limit their applications. Here we reintroduce black phosphorus (BP), the most stable allotrope of phosphorus with strong intrinsic in-plane anisotropy, to the layered-material family. For 15-nm-thick BP, we measure a Hall mobility of 1,000 and 600cm-2V-1s-1 for holes along the light (x) and heavy (y) effective mass directions at 120 K. BP thin films also exhibit large and anisotropic in-plane optical conductivity from 2 to 5μm. Field-effect transistors using 5nm BP along x direction exhibit an on-off current ratio exceeding 105, a field-effect mobility of 205 cm2V-1s-1, and good current saturation characteristics all at room temperature. BP shows great potential for thin-film electronics, infrared optoelectronics and novel devices in which anisotropic properties are desirable. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.

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Nature Communications

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