Oliver Bodemer
IBM J. Res. Dev
The measurement of the actual toner charge distribution, for both positively and negatively charged particles, in an electrophotographic development system would be useful in evaluating and optimizing the development system. We report the development of a charge spectrometer for a contact monocomponent development system, which quantitatively measures the charge distribution for the toner particles, as well as the percentage of wrong-sign toner.
Oliver Bodemer
IBM J. Res. Dev
B. Wagle
EJOR
Kafai Lai, Alan E. Rosenbluth, et al.
SPIE Advanced Lithography 2007
Thomas M. Cover
IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory