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Physik der Kondensierten Materie
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On the definition of a diffusion constant in a nonequilibrium system

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A diffusion constant for electrons in a current-carrying semiconductor can be unambiguously defined in nearly uniform systems. For frequency-dependent density gradients it is {Mathematical expression} where {Mathematical expression} is the velocity correlation function with respect to the steady state in a bias field. This result has been elucidated in the relaxation approximation by different approaches to the diffusion problem. Essential for its derivation is a statistical independence assumption of space and velocities, and in order to get a classical diffusion law of Fick's type certain velocities have to be distributed according to the steady state in a bias field. Diffusion constant and noise temperature are discussed for a few band structures in the relaxation approximation. © 1971 Springer-Verlag.

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Physik der Kondensierten Materie

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