FPGA-based coprocessor for text string extraction
N.K. Ratha, A.K. Jain, et al.
Workshop CAMP 2000
The metallization layers required for a silicon- based reflective liquid crystal light valve have been developed and integrated with a medium-voltage CMOS process using standard microelectronic manufacturing tools. Unique requirements include the following: 1) shielding the Si devices from incident light so that electron-hole pairs are not formed; 2) high optical throughput and contrast, which are dependent on the mirror fill factor, reflectivity, and flatness; 3) pixel storage capacitance to maintain the voltage across the liquid crystal cell with sufficient accuracy to select the desired gray level until the data are updated; and 4) precise control of the liquid crystal cell thickness without spacers obscuring the mirrors. Wafers have been successfully fabricated to support a technology demonstration of a 2048 × 2048-pixel ("four- million-pixel") projection display. The process is based on a medium-voltage CMOS process and uses six masks (for three metal levels, one via level, and two insulator levels) after Si device processing has been completed.
N.K. Ratha, A.K. Jain, et al.
Workshop CAMP 2000
Sonia Cafieri, Jon Lee, et al.
Journal of Global Optimization
Victor Valls, Panagiotis Promponas, et al.
IEEE Communications Magazine
Rolf Clauberg
IBM J. Res. Dev