About cookies on this site Our websites require some cookies to function properly (required). In addition, other cookies may be used with your consent to analyze site usage, improve the user experience and for advertising. For more information, please review your options. By visiting our website, you agree to our processing of information as described in IBM’sprivacy statement. To provide a smooth navigation, your cookie preferences will be shared across the IBM web domains listed here.
Publication
Data and Knowledge Engineering
Paper
GRAQULA: A graphical query language for entity-relationship or relational databases
Abstract
GRAQULA is a graphical language for querying and updating a database. One version of GRAQULA provides a user interface for the entity-relationship data model, and another version (with almost identical syntax) provides a user interface for the relational model. Each version is relationally complete, and each depicts relationships (or expected joins) graphically, GRAQULA provides logical operations (e.g. negation) on graphical objects; these operations have user-specified scopes, allow nesting, and can involve existential or universal quantification. Aggregates (e.g. average) also have user-specified scopes. Queries can invoke other queries, and users and queries can pass parameters to queries. The design reflects a specified set of goals, including expressive power, consistency, and limitation of required memorization. © 1993.