Douglass S. Kalika, David W. Giles, et al.
Journal of Rheology
This paper presents an atomic-scale study of contact, indentation, and subsequent pulling and dry sliding of a sharp and blunt metal tip on a metal surface. The evolution of atomic structure and the variation of perpendicular and lateral forces are calculated by molecular-dynamics methods using an empirical potential based on the embedded-atom model. The sharp tip experiences multiple jumps to contact in the attractive force range. The contact interface grows discontinuously mainly due to disorder-order transformation leading to disappearance of a layer and hence abrupt changes in the normal-force variation. Atom exchange occurs in the repulsive range. During the pulling off, the connective neck is reduced discontinuously; however, not all the abrupt changes of the pulling force are associated with the creation of a new layer in the neck. The sliding of the sharp tip (or single asperity) induces two consecutive structural transformations that occur periodically, but end with the wear of a layer. The situation for a blunt tip is, however, quite different. © 1998 The American Physical Society.
Douglass S. Kalika, David W. Giles, et al.
Journal of Rheology
A. Gupta, R. Gross, et al.
SPIE Advances in Semiconductors and Superconductors 1990
Frank R. Libsch, Takatoshi Tsujimura
Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays Technology and Applications 1997
A.B. McLean, R.H. Williams
Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics